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SUBJECT INDEX L |
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labelling requirements (Doha Declaration, para. 32) Labour Markets Integration Agreement (GATS V bis), notification format GATS 48 labour standards (Doha Declaration, para. 8) language, parties’ submissions DSU 846, 874 Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), Enabling Clause and GATT 34 least-developed country Members: see also developing country Members; developing country Members (SG 9); Enabling Clause; Enabling Clause, special treatment of least-developed country Members (para. 2(d)); Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Countries, Decision on Measures concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme implementation (AG 16); country Members (Doha Declaration); technical cooperation and capacity building (Doha Declaration); Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC), least-developed country Members and (ATC 1, footnote 1); Trade, Debt and Finance, Working Group on (Doha Declaration, para. 36); trade and environment (Doha Declaration, paras. 31–3) acceleration WTO 190 assistance in process Doha Declaration (para. 9), WTO 190 High-Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives WTO 189 Guidelines for Facilitation and Acceleration of Negotiations (2002) WTO 190 ATC Agreement and ATC 3 Comprehensive and Integrated WTO Plan of Action for the least-developed country Members (1996) WTO 87, 89, 203 positive measures, Members taking WTO 93 cooperation between WTO and other multilateral agencies, High Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for Least-Developed Countries’ Trade Development (1977) WTO 88 Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns and Customs Valuation Agreement, Art. 20, VAL 28 SCM Agreement, Art. 3.1(a), exemption SCM 341 SCM Agreement, Art. 27.4 (extension of transition period): see developing country Members (SCM 27), phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4) SCM Agreement, Arts. 27.5 and 27.6 (phase-out of export subsidies) SCM 341 Decision on Measures in Favour of least-developed country Members WTO 241 favourable and preferential treatment WTO 93–7 Comprehensive and Integrated Plan of Action WTO 203 High-Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for the Least-Developed Countries’ Trade Development WTO 89–90 Integrated Framework Pilot Scheme, establishment WTO 89 Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed country Members (IF) endorsement as viable model WTO 88 review of Integrated Framework WTO 89 Integrated Framework Working Group, work programme (2004) WTO 92 Joint Integrated Technical Assistance (JITAP), identification of ways of enhancing and rationalizing (Doha Declaration) WTO 90 market access duty and quota-free access as objective (Doha Declaration, paras. 42–3), WTO 94 integration into multilateral trading system and July package (paras. 43–4) membership (WTO XI:2), commitments and concessions WTO 185–6 respect for/promotion of interests of (Doha Declaration, paras. 2–3) special and differential treatment, increased effectiveness: see also special and differential treatment for developing country Members (Doha Declaration) Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) and Technical and Financial Assistance in the Context of Aid Programmes to Improve Agricultural Productivity and Infrastructure AG 98, 133 trade and competition policy (Doha Round) trade and investment, relationship between (Doha Declaration, para. 21) Waiver on Preferential Tariff Treatment for LDCs (1999): see MFN treatment (GATT I:1), Waiver on Preferential Tariff Treatment for LDCs (1999) least-developed country Members, Sub-Committee on GSP schemes (Enabling Clause (para. 2(d))) and GATT 30, 59 notifications, market measures under Waiver on Preferential Treatment for LDCs GATT 30, 59 rules of procedure WTO 85 terms of reference WTO 84 least-developed country Members (TRIPS 66) exclusive marketing rights, waiver of obligations (TRIPS 70.9) TRIPS 164 extension of transition period (TRIPS 66.1) TRIPS 147 reports by developed country Members (TRIPS 66.2) TRIPS 149 mandatory nature (Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns, para. 11.2) Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Countries, Decision on Measures concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme, implementation (AG 16): see also Food Aid Convention (1999) Agriculture Committee and AG 96–100 consultation opportunities (AG 10.2) AG 105 Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (para. 2.2), 1p 2.2 and differential treatment within agreement on agricultural export credits AG 99, 134 food aid (Decision, para. 3), Doha Ministerial Conference recommendations AG 97–100, 131–8 Inter-Agency Panel: see Inter-Agency Panel on Short-Term Difficulties in Financing Normal Levels of Commercial Import of Basic Foodstuffs list of net food-importing countries countries included AG 101 n. 147 criteria AG 101 n. 147 effect of inclusion AG 102 monitoring of effectiveness (AG 16.2) AG 106–10 Singapore Ministerial Conference recommendations AG 96, 103 legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4) WTO 229–32 AD 17.3/AD 17.4 GATT 335, AD 593–7, 608–11 analysis of legislation, method DSU 178 future application distinguished SCM 285, 299 GATT 1947, XXIII:1(a) and GATT 334 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) DSU 175 legislation adopted by customs union DSU 171, 1042 mandatory/discretionary legislation, distinguishability GATT 334, AD 599–601, 602 n. 754, 676, SCM 64, 134–5, DSU 175–8, 184–5 affirmative defence and DSU 188 burden of proof and DSU 177, 1001 facts available to investigating authority, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) and AD 420 GATT practice AD 603, DSU 176, 182 relationships within and between agreements DSU 186–7 relevance AD 602–3, DSU 189–93 normative value as determining factor DSU 174, 179–81 policy document, whether (US Sunset Policy Bulletin) GATT 378 “practice” AD 604 rationale DSU 179 State responsibility and DSU 70, 778 Tokyo Round Anti-Dumping Code AD 599 legitimate expectations: see decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1); interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, legitimate expectations, relevance; non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), “benefit”/legitimate expectation of improved market access as less favourable treatment: see MFN treatment (GATS II); national treatment regulatory discrimination treatment (TRIPS 3), “less favourable treatment” licensing requirement, as quantitative restriction (GATT XI:1) GATT 411–12 “like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)) “domestic industry” (SG 4.1(c)) and AG 128–32 “collective output … constitutes a major proportion”, representative data and AG 133–6 integration of production processes, relevance AG 132 “producers as a whole” AG 130–1 as sole determinant 59 n. 66, AG 129 finding of inconsistency with, effect AG 127 specific product, need for AG 130 “another product” AD 92 constructed normal value (AD 2.2.2) and AD 51 “any product originating in or destined for another country”, administrative distinctions, relevance GATT 17 “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4) compared GATT 15 GATT practice GATT 16 “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4) competitive relationship, need for GATT 237, 239, 243–5 evidence of health risks, relevance GATT 245 GATT XXIII:1(b) compared GATT 269, 279 GATT practice GATT 280 determination of “likeness” on case by case basis GATT 166–7, SCM 270, DSU 446 in case of conflicting evidence GATT 247 as legal issue DSU 446 need to take account of all the evidence GATT 242, 247 directly competitive or substitutable products distinguished GATT 149, 158–9, 211, 213 GATT practice GATT 212 GATT III:1 compared GATT 142, 233–6 GATT III:2 and III:4 compared GATT 15, 160–1, 234–40 GATT I (“like product”) compared GATT 15 hypothetical “like product” GATT 163–5, DSU 337 n. 492 narrow interpretation, need for GATT 157, 162, 163 relevant factors: see also directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), criteria Border Tax Adjustment, Working Party on GATT 157, 162, 166, 239 consumer preferences GATT 163, 166, 167, 239, 242, 244–6 cross-price elasticity GATT 194–6 differences between sellers GATT 182 end-uses GATT 163, 166, 167, 206–7, 239, 244, 248 fluidity GATT 239 GATT practice GATT 251 health risks GATT 245 market place GATT 197 nature of product GATT 206, 239, 243 physical properties GATT 163, 166, 167, 206–7, 243, 248 situation of parties dealing in [subject products] GATT 248, 274 tariff bindings GATT 170 tariff classifications GATT 169–70, 206, 239 “like product” (SCM 15, footnote 46) “characteristics closely resembling” SCM 270–4 physical characteristics SCM 272 unassembled/assembled products, whether SCM 274 “like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 26–7, 75 Lomé waiver WTO 164, GATT 65, 444, DSU 399 right of Panel to consider DSU 399
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